Crecimiento económico en términos de… ¿libertad o intervencionismo?: modelo nórdico versus modelo de los países del sur de Europa

The efficient use of scarce resources should be a sufficient argument to combat socialism. Some rulers insist on the figure of the State as a necessary condition in the preservation of the rights of the poorest classes. And in part it is true, since it is very difficult for a person with limited resources to progress when it is the State that hinders such effort. On the other hand, those leaders who arecommitted to liberalizing the labor market and reducing public spending, tend to see their policy lead to greater economic progress; with a higher level and quality of life. In Latin America, many countries have tried to have sustainable growth during the last decades. Chile has been an example of economic growth for all those countries that have imitated (to a greater or lesser extent) a liberalsystem. However, the current Chilean political class thinks the time has come to change the liberal system for a more interventionist, more European approach. Although in this ideological journey, reference is usually made only to the Nordic countries as a political aspiration. This work aims to clarify certain economic concepts and to show the implications necessary to be consistent with theapplication of Nordic public policy.El uso eficiente de recursos escasos debería ser un argumento suficiente para combatir al socialismo. Algunos gobernantes insisten en la figura del Estado como una condición necesaria en la preservación de los derechos de las clases más empobrecidas. Y en parte es cierto, ya que es muy difícil que una persona con escasos recursos pueda progresar cuando es el Estado quien criminaliza al progreso. Por otro lado, aquellos gobernantes que apuestan por liberalizar el mercado laboral y reducir el gasto público, consiguen que su política se refleje en un mayor progreso económico; con un mayor nivel y calidad de vida. En Iberoamérica, muchos países han buscado continuas fórmulas para tener un crecimiento sostenible. Chile ha sido un ejemplo de crecimiento económico para todos aquellos países que han imitado (en mayor o menor medida) un sistema pro-liberal, como ha sido el caso de su vecina Perú. No obstante, la actual clase política chilena piensa que ha llegado el momento de cambiar el sistema pro-liberal por un sistema más intervencionista, más europeo. Sin embargo, en ese recorrido ideológico se suele hacer referencia, únicamente, a los países nórdicos como aspiración política. Este trabajo pretende aclarar ciertos conceptos económicos y dar a conocer las implicaciones que serían necesarias si se quiere ser coherente con la aplicación de la política pública nórdica

Heterogeneous Runtime Monitoring for Real-Time Systems with art2kitekt

[EN] Monitoring the execution of real-time systems has many advantages, it is not only useful to understand the behaviour of an application but also to find unfulfilled timing constraints in an implementation. However, real-time operating systems usually do not include the tracing tools to observe the behaviour during the execution. This paper presents the art2kitekt runtime monitoring tool, used to measure and to visualise the temporal characteristics of a real-time application. To demonstrate the functionality of the tool, the behaviour of an RTEMS-based application running over a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ is observed.The work presented in this paper has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 737475 (AQUAS project). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Spain, France, United Kingdom, Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Germany.García-Gordillo, M.; Valls, J.; Sáez Barona, S. (2019). Heterogeneous Runtime Monitoring for Real-Time Systems with art2kitekt. IEEE. 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869537S26627

Scenario-Based Validation & Verification, the ENABLE-S3 Approach

[EN] Automated systems can be found on many current vehi- cles, either land, air or maritime. The reliability, safety and robustness of these systems is extremely important, hence validation approaches need to adapt to the ever- evolving necessities of the industry. The ENABLE-S3 architecture addresses the problem of extensive testing by introducing a set of tools and methodologies that can be used to build up a testing environment for different domains. In this manuscript, a special focus is given to the solution developed for the Reconfigurable Video Processor from the aerospace domain.This work has been conducted within the ENABLE-S3 project that has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 692455. This joint undertaking receives support from the European Unions HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme and Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Ireland, Belgium, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Slovakia, Norway.Valls Mompó, JJ.; García-Gordillo, M.; Sáez Barona, S. (2019). Scenario-Based Validation & Verification, the ENABLE-S3 Approach. Ada User Journal. 40(4):230-235. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/164062S23023540

Dimensions That Influence the Creation of Brand Value of a Music Event and Its Influence on Attendee Satisfaction

Background: Music festivals are part of the cultural industry, and have become an evergrowing phenomenon. It is essential for organisers to identify whether the marketing strategies implemented are positive and effective in generating a competitive advantage. The aim of this study is to identify the elements that make up the brand equity of an emerging music festival, and to find out whether the overall brand equity determines the satisfaction and subsequent behaviours of festival-goers. Methods: Quantitative research was used by conducting an ad hoc structured survey during the development of a live music festival in May 2022. The questionnaire collects information about dimensions that make up the global brand value and how they influence satisfaction and behavioural intentions, consisting of a total of 33 indicators.; Results: Awareness, perceived quality, and loyalty are the most influential dimensions in shaping the brand of a festival. There is a correlation between the overall brand value and the satisfaction of the attendees, and that the latter influences the subsequent loyalty and recommendation of the event. Conclusions: The causal relationships between the dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity are shown, where three of the four hypotheses are accepted. Similarly, the three hypotheses related to the influence of overall brand image and behavioural intentions are also accepte

Building IoT Applications with Raspberry Pi and Low Power IQRF Communication Modules

Typical Internet of Things (IoT) applications involve collecting information automatically from diverse geographically-distributed smart sensors and concentrating the information into more powerful computers. The Raspberry Pi platform has become a very interesting choice for IoT applications for several reasons: (1) good computing power/cost ratio; (2) high availability; it has become a de facto hardware standard; and (3) ease of use; it is based on operating systems with a big community of users. In IoT applications, data are frequently carried by means of wireless sensor networks in which energy consumption is a key issue. Energy consumption is especially relevant for smart sensors that are scattered over wide geographical areas and may need to work unattended on batteries for long intervals of time. In this scenario, it is convenient to ease the construction of IoT applications while keeping energy consumption to a minimum at the sensors. This work proposes a possible gateway implementation with specific technologies. It solves the following research question: how to build gateways for IoT applications with Raspberry Pi and low power IQRF communication modules. The following contributions are presented: (1) one architecture for IoT gateways that integrates data from sensor nodes into a higher level application based on low-cost/low-energy technologies; (2) bindings in Java and C that ease the construction of IoT applications; (3) an empirical model that describes the consumption of the communications at the nodes (smart sensors) and allows scaling their batteries; and (4) validation of the proposed energy model at the battery-operated nodes.This work was supported in part by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under projects EHU13/42 and UFI11/28 and by the Basque Government (GV/EJ) under projects CPS4PSS ETORTEK14/10 and Thinking Factory ETORGAI14

Amorphization kinectics under swift heavy ion irradiation: a cumulative overlapping-track approach

A simple illustrative physical model is presented to describe the kinetics of damage and amorphization by swiftheavyions (SHI) in LiNbO3. The model considers that every ion impact generates initially a defective region (halo) and a full amorphous core whose relative size depends on the electronic stopping power. Below a given stopping power threshold only a halo is generated. For increasing fluences the amorphized area grows monotonically via overlapping of a fixed number N of halos. In spite of its simplicity the model, which provides analytical solutions, describes many relevant features of the kinetic behaviour. In particular, it predicts approximate Avrami curves with parameters depending on stopping power in qualitative accordance with experiment that turn into Poisson laws well above the threshold valu

Reliable Control Applications with Wireless Communication Technologies: Application to Robotic Systems

The nature of wireless propagation may reduce the QoS of the applications, such that some packages can be delayed or lost. For this reason, the design of wireless control applications must be faced in a holistic way to avoid degrading the performance of the control algorithms. This paper is aimed at improving the reliability of wireless control applications in the event of communication degradation or temporary loss at the wireless links. Two controller levels are used: sophisticated algorithms providing better performance are executed in a central node, whereas local independent controllers, implemented as back-up controllers, are executed next to the process in case of QoS degradation. This work presents a reliable strategy for switching between central and local controllers avoiding that plants may become uncontrolled. For validation purposes, the presented approach was used to control a planar robot. A Fuzzy Logic control algorithm was implemented as a main controller at a high performance computing platform. A back-up controller was implemented on an edge device. This approach avoids the robot becoming uncontrolled in case of communication failure. Although a planar robot was chosen in this work, the presented approach may be extended to other processes. XBee 900 MHz communication technology was selected for control tasks, leaving the 2.4 GHz band for integration with cloud services. Several experiments are presented to analyze the behavior of the control application under different circumstances. The results proved that our approach allows the use of wireless communications, even in critical control applications.This research was funded by the Basque Government through the project EKOHEGAZ (ELKARTEK KK-2021/00092), by Diputación Foral de Álava (DFA) through the project CONAVANTER, and by UPV/EHU through the project GIU20/063

Sistema de Análisis del Discurso en la Comunicación Sincrónica

Nuestro estudio intenta adentrarse en el análisis del discurso en las comunicaciones virtuales a través de los chats. Forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre Teleformación que lleva a cada nuestro Grupo de Investigación. El objetivo principal se centra en avanzar en la búsqueda de nuevas formas para analizar y comprender las conductas comunicativas en tiempo real en ambientes de aprendizaje a distancia. Para ello, presentamos un sistema múltiple de categorías para la codificación, que queda estructurado bajo tres criterios: hablante, movimiento o función del discurso y contenido o temática del discurso. Todo el material (chats) ha sido tomado del curso de Teleformación que nuestro Grupo de Investigación imparte en la Universidad de Sevilla. Se trata de un curso de postgrado de 100 horas de Formación Complementaria en Nuevas Tecnologías para el aprendizaje a través de Internet

Análisis del Discurso y Comunicación Asincrónica: un Sistema de Análisis

Este trabajo representa un punto de partida esencial dentro del proceso sistemático requerido para la elaboración de un sistema de codificación dirigido al análisis del discurso. La experiencia reseñada parte de la constatación y del creciente interés que, actualmente, tienen las TIC en la construcción de nuevos canales de comunicación -como piezas fundamentales- que resuelven nuevas formas de procesar y encauzar la formación (Teleformación). Por otra parte, sitúa como piedra angular la importancia de crear un sistema de categorización que pueda emplearse para la comprensión y explicación de estos espacios tecnológicos, diseñados para la comunicación y reflexión conjunta, tomando como referente de estudio el diálogo que en estas áreas se generan. La base del estudio se asienta en los materiales escritos reportados por una de las áreas de comunicación — foro principal de discusión- de que dispone el curso de formación a distancia del que somos tutores. Se fundamentan los diversos aspectos del método de confección, describiéndose, paralelamente, cuáles han sido las diferentes fases consideradas en la construcción del sistema de categorías. El trabajo toma cuerpo una vez se dan a conocer las categorías que conforman el sistema y se acompañan con fragmentos de textos extraídos del foro que ejemplifican y dotan de mayor claridad y significado cada pieza que configura el sistema de codificación. Por último, se dedica un minúsculo empeño en subrayar algunos aspectos estadísticos correspondientes a la dinámica de las estructuras en diálogo y grado de implicación de los participantes, contorneando así el pedestal que sostendrá nuestro posterior trabajo

Estilos de Aprendizaje y Diseño de Entornos de Teleformación.

Este curso de 100 horas de duración, que se imparte a través de dos modalidades: presencial y a distancia, pretende ofrecer una formación que responda a las características y condiciones de aprendizaje de los alumnos, haciendo uso de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, y facilitando el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este contexto, nos hemos planteado la necesidad de hacer un estudio acerca de los estilos de aprendizaje que tienen los alumnos que participan en nuestro curso, con vistas a poder obtener información que nos pudiera servir para adecuar aún más nuestro diseño y planificación de actividades formativas a las necesidades y estilos de aprendizaje de los participantes. Con este propósito, hemos incluido entre las actividades del curso la cumplimentación del cuestionario sobre estilos de aprendizaje de Honey-Alonso, de la Universidad de Deusto. Finalmente, hemos tratado de aportar algunas ideas con relación al diseño de entornos de Teleformación tomando como punto de partida las respuestas que los alumnos nos dan con el objeto de conseguir una mejora en la calidad de nuestros cursos y aportar nuestra experiencia en relación con hacia dónde debe tender el diseño de cursos a través de Internet teniendo presente los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje